While mild forgetfulness can be a part of normal aging, it can also be a sign of more serious memory problems, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease, or another form of dementia. It is important to communicate any noticeable changes in memory or thinking to your doctor in a timely manner.

Age-Related Changes in Memory

Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging. As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain. As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things, they don’t remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their glasses. These are usually signs of mild forgetfulness, not serious memory problems.

Some older adults also find that they don’t do as well as younger people on complex memory or learning tests. Scientists have found, though, that given enough time, healthy older people can do as well as younger people do on these tests. In fact, as they age, healthy adults usually improve in areas of mental ability such as vocabulary.

Other Causes of Memory Loss

Health-Related Changes in Memory

Some memory problems may be related to health issues, some of which are treatable. For example, medication side effects, vitamin B12 deficiency, chronic alcoholism, tumors, or infections in the brain can cause memory loss. Some thyroid, kidney, or liver disorders also can lead to memory loss. A doctor should treat serious medical conditions like these as soon as possible.

Emotional-Related Changes in Memory

Emotional problems, such as stress, anxiety, or depression, can make a person more forgetful. These symptoms are often mistaken for dementia. For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a spouse, relative, or friend may feel sad, lonely, worried, or bored. Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful. The memory issues caused by emotions usually are temporary and go away when the feelings fade. If these feelings last for a long time, it is important to get help from a doctor or counselor. Treatment may include counseling, medication, or both.

Normal Aging or Alzheimer’s disease

Normal Aging

Making a bad decision occasionally
Missing a monthly payment
Forgetting which day it is and remembering it later
Sometimes forgetting which word to use
Losing things from time to time
Not being able to remember the name of an acquaintance

Alzheimer’s disease

Making poor judgments and decisions
Problems taking care of monthly bills
Losing track of the date or time of year
Trouble having a conversation
Misplacing things often and being unable to find them
Not recognizing or knowing names of family members

For more information on dementia and personalized support, call us at 858.492.4400 to speak with one of our dementia experts who are here to help San Diego County residents and/or those caring for someone living in San Diego County (Spanish speakers available). Also check out our free education classes, social activities, caregiver support groups, & more.

Posted on April 10th, 2025